Isa 55 | JFB | STEP | 1. every one-- After the special privileges of Israel ( ) there follow, as the consequence, the universal invitation to the Gentiles ( ; , ). Ho-- calls the most earnest attention. thirsteth-- has a keen sense of need ( ). waters ... wine and milk-- a gradation. Not merely water, which is needed to maintain life at all, but wine and milk to strengthen, cheer, and nourish; the spiritual blessings of the Gospel are meant ( ; ; ). "Waters," plural, to denote abundance ( ; ). no money-- Yet, in , it is said, "ye spend money." A seeming paradox. Ye are really spiritual bankrupts: but thinking yourselves to have money, namely, a devotion of your own making, ye lavish it on that "which is not bread," that is, on idols, whether literal or spiritual. buy ... without money-- another paradox. We are bought, but not with a price paid by ourselves ( ; , ). In a different sense we are to "buy" salvation, namely, by parting with everything which comes between us and Christ who has bought it for us and by making it our own ( , ; ; ).

‏ Isaiah 55

CHAPTER 55 Is 55:1-13. The Call of the Gentile World to Faith the Result of God's Grace to the Jews First.

1. every one--After the special privileges of Israel (Is 54:1-17) there follow, as the consequence, the universal invitation to the Gentiles (Lu 24:47; Ro 11:12, 15).

Ho--calls the most earnest attention.

thirsteth--has a keen sense of need (Mt 5:6).

waters ... wine and milk--a gradation. Not merely water, which is needed to maintain life at all, but wine and milk to strengthen, cheer, and nourish; the spiritual blessings of the Gospel are meant (Is 25:6; So 5:1; Joh 7:37). "Waters," plural, to denote abundance (Is 43:20; 44:3).

no money--Yet, in Is 55:2, it is said, "ye spend money." A seeming paradox. Ye are really spiritual bankrupts: but thinking yourselves to have money, namely, a devotion of your own making, ye lavish it on that "which is not bread," that is, on idols, whether literal or spiritual.

buy ... without money--another paradox. We are bought, but not with a price paid by ourselves (1Co 6:20; 1Pe 1:18, 19). In a different sense we are to "buy" salvation, namely, by parting with everything which comes between us and Christ who has bought it for us and by making it our own (Mt 13:44, 46; Lu 12:33; Re 3:18).

2. not bread--(Ha 2:13). "Bread of deceit" (Pr 20:17). Contrast this with the "bread of life" (Joh 6:32, 35; also Lu 14:16-20).

satisfieth not--(Ec 1:8; 4:8).

hearken ... and eat--When two imperatives are joined, the second expresses the consequence of obeying the command in the first (Ge 42:18). By hearkening ye shall eat. So in Is 55:1, "buy and eat." By buying, and so making it your own, ye shall eat, that is, experimentally enjoy it (Joh 6:53). Compare the invitation (Pr 9:5, 6; Mt 22:4).

fatness--(Psa 36:8; 63:5).

3. me ... live--by coming to me ye shall live: for "I am the life" (Joh 14:6).

everlasting covenant--(Jr 32:40; 2Sa 23:5).

with you ... David--God's covenant is with the antitypical David, Messiah (Eze 34:23), and so with us by our identification with Him.

sure--answering to "everlasting," irrevocable, unfailing, to be relied on (Psa 89:2-4, 28, 29, 34-36; Jr 33:20, 21; 2Sa 7:15, 16; 2Co 1:18-20).

mercies of David--the mercies of grace (Is 63:7; Joh 1:16) which I covenanted to give to David, and especially to Messiah, his antitype. Quoted in Ac 13:34.

4. him--the mystical David (Eze 37:24, 25; Jr 30:9; Ho 3:5). Given by God (Is 49:6).

witness--He bore witness even unto death for God, to His law, claims, and plan of redeeming love (Joh 18:37; Re 1:5). Revelation is a "testimony"; because it is propounded to be received on the authority of the Giver, and not merely because it can be proved by arguments.

commander--"preceptor" [Horsley]; "lawgiver" [Barnes].

to the people--rather, "peoples."

5. thou--Jehovah addresses Messiah.

call ... run--God must call, before man can, or will, run (So 1:4; Joh 6:44). Not merely come, but run eagerly.

thou knowest not--now as thy people (so in Mt 7:23).

nation ... nations--gradation; from Israel, one nation, the Gospel spread to many nations, and will do so more fully on Israel's conversion.

knew not thee--(Is 52:15; Ep 2:11, 12).

because of ... thy God ... glorified thee--(Is 60:5, 9; Zec 8:23); where similar language is directed to Israel, because of the identification of Israel with Messiah, who is the ideal Israel (Mt 2:15; compare with Ho 11:1; see Ac 3:13).

6. The condition and limit in the obtaining of the spiritual benefits (Is 55:1-3): (1) Seek the Lord. (2) Seek Him while He is to be found (Is 65:1; Psa 32:6; Mt 25:1-13; Joh 7:34; 8:21; 2Co 6:2; He 2:3; 3:13, 15).

call--casting yourselves wholly on His mercy (Ro 10:13). Stronger than "seek"; so "near" is more positive than "while He may be found" (Ro 10:8, 9).

near--propitious (Psa 34:18; 145:18).

7. unrighteous--Hebrew, "man of iniquity"; true of all men. The "wicked" sins more openly in "his way"; the "unrighteous" refers to the more subtle workings of sin in the "thoughts." All are guilty in the latter respect, thought many fancy themselves safe, because not openly "wicked in ways" (Psa 94:11). The parallelism is that of gradation. The progress of the penitent is to be from negative reformation, "forsaking his way," and a farther step, "his thoughts," to positive repentance, "returning to the Lord" (the only true repentance, Zec 12:10), and making God his God, along with the other children of God (the crowning point; appropriation of God to ourselves: "to our God"). "Return" implies that man originally walked with God, but has apostatized. Isaiah saith, "our God," the God of the believing Israelites; those themselves redeemed desire others to come to their God (Psa 34:8; Re 22:17).

abundantly pardon--Literally, "multiply to pardon," still more than "have mercy"; God's graciousness is felt more and more the longer one knows Him (Psa 130:7).

8. For--referring to Is 55:7. You need not doubt His willingness "abundantly to pardon" (compare Is 55:12); for, though "the wicked" man's "ways," and "the unrighteous man's thoughts," are so aggravated as to seem unpardonable, God's "thoughts" and "ways" in pardoning are not regulated by the proportion of the former, as man's would be towards his fellow man who offended him; compare the "for" (Psa 25:11; Ro 5:19).

9. (Psa 57:10; 89:2; 103:11). "For" is repeated from Is 55:8. But Maurer, after the negation, translates, "but."

10. The hearts of men, once barren of spirituality, shall be made, by the outpouring of the Spirit under Messiah, to bear fruits of righteousness (Is 5:6; De 32:2; 2Sa 23:4; Psa 72:6).

snow--which covers plants from frost in winter; and, when melted in spring, waters the earth.

returneth not--void; as in Is 55:11; it returns not in the same shape, or without "accomplishing" the desired end.

bud--germinate.

11. (Mt 24:35). Rain may to us seem lost when it falls on a desert, but it fulfils some purpose of God. So the gospel word falling on the hard heart; it sometimes works a change at last; and even if so, it leaves men without excuse. The full accomplishment of this verse, and Is 55:12, 13, is, however, to be at the Jews' final restoration and conversion of the world (Is 11:9-12; 60:1-5, 21).

12. go out--from the various countries in which ye (the Jews) are scattered, to your own land (Eze 11:17).

led--by Messiah, your "Leader" (Is 55:4; Is 52:12; Mi 2:12, 13).

mountains ... trees, &c.--images justly used to express the seeming sympathy of nature with the joy of God's people. For, when sin is removed, the natural world shall be delivered from "vanity," and be renewed, so as to be in unison with the regenerated moral world (Is 44:23; Psa 98:8; Ro 8:19-22).

13. thorn--emblem of the wicked (2Sa 23:6; Mi 7:4).

fir tree--the godly (Is 60:13; Psa 92:12). Compare as to the change wrought, Ro 6:19.

brier--emblem of uncultivation (Is 5:6).

myrtle--Hebrew, Hedes, from which comes Hedassah, the original name of Esther. Type of the Christian Church; for it is a lowly, though beautiful, fragrant, and evergreen shrub (Psa 92:13, 14).

for a name ... everlasting sign--a perpetual memorial to the glory of Jehovah (Jr 13:11; 33:9).